結構組織

鐵素體相的形成：對奧氏體不銹鋼性能的影響

F相的出現一般都對奧氏體不銹鋼的性能帶來不利的影響：如使熱加工產生裂紋的傾向性增大；鋼的耐點蝕性下降，在諸多腐蝕環境（如尿素生產）中耐蝕性劣化；在高溫下加長時間加熱時，F相會轉變為σ相使鋼變脆等等。

含量的粗略判定

Creq=％Cr＋1.5×％Si＋％Mo，Nieq=％Ni＋30×(％C＋％N)＋0.5×％Mn

鐵素體相的

根本的辦法是提高鋼中奧氏體形成元素的含量。Ni是 的元素，但是從經濟的角度出發，Mn和N也受到人們的重視。特別是N，其抑制鐵素體形成的能力為Ni的30倍，同時又有改善耐蝕性和提高強度的作用.

中國高溫合JIN牌號:
GH1015 GH1016 GH1035 GH1040 GH1131 GH1139 GH1140 GH2035A GH2036 GH2038 GH2130 GH2132 GH15 GH16 GH35 GH40 GH131 GH139 GH140 GH35A GH36 GH38A GH130 GH132 GH2135 GH2150 GH2302 GH2696 GH2706 GH2747 GH2761 GH2901 GH2903 GH2907 GH2909 GH2984 GH3007 GH3030 GH3039 GH3044 GH3128 GH3170 GH3536 GH3600 GH135 GH150 GH302 GH696 GH706 GH747 GH761 GH901 GH903 GH907 GH909 GH984 GH5K GH30 GH44 GH128 GH170 GH536 GH600 GH3625 GH3652 GH4033 GH4037 GH4049 GH4080A GH4090 GH4093 GH4098 GH4099 GH4105 GH4133 GH4133B GH4141 GH4145 GH4163 GH4169 GH4199 GH4202 GH4220 GH625 GH652 GH33 GH37 GH49 GH80A GH90 GH93 GH98 GH99 GH105 GH33A GH4133B GH141 GH145 GH163 GH169 GH199 GH202 GH220 GH4413 GH4500 GH4586 GH4648 GH4698 GH4708 GH4710 GH4738 GH4742 GH5188 GH5605 GH5941 GH6159 GH6783 GH413 GH500 GH586 GH648 GH698 GH708 GH710 GH738 GH684 GH742 GH188 GH605 GH941 GH159 GH783 K211 K213 K214 K401 K402 K403 K405 K406 K406C K407 K408 K409 K412 K417 K417G K417L K418 K418B K419 K419H K11 K13 K14 K1 K2 K3 K5 K6 K6C K7 K8 K9 K12 K17 K17G K17L K18 K18B K19 K19H K423 K423A K424 K430 K438 K438G K441 K461 K477 K480 K491 K4002 K4130 K4163 K4169 K4202 K4242 K4536 K4537 K4648 K4708 K23 K23A K26 K430 K38 K38G K41 K461 K77 K80 K91 K002 K130 K163 K4169 K202 K242 K536 K537 K648 K708 K605 K610 K612 K640 K640M K6188 K825 K605 K10 K612 K40 K40M K188 K25 DZ404 DZ405 DZ417G DZ422 DZ422B DZ438G DZ4002 DZ4125 DZ4125L DZ640M DZ4 DZ5 DZ17G DZ22 DZ22B DZ38G DZ002 DZ125 DZ125L DZ40M DD402 DD403 DD404 DD406 DD408 DD3 DD4 DD6 DD8 HGH1035 HGH1040 HGH1068 HGH1131 HGH1139 HGH1140 HGH2036 HGH2038 HGH2042 HGH35 HGH40 HGH68 HGH131 HGH139 HGH140 HGH36 HGH38 HGH42 HGH2132 HGH2135 HGH2150 HGH3030 HGH3039 HGH3041 HGH3044 HGH3113 HGH3128 HGH3367 HGH3533 HGH3536 HGH3600 HGH4033 HGH4145 HGH4169 HGH4356 HGH4642 HGH4648 HGH132 HGH135 HGH150 HGH30 HGH39 HGH41 HGH44 HGH113 HGH128 HGH367 HGH533 HGH536 HGH600 HGH33 HGH145 HGH169 HGH356 HGH642 HGH648 FGH4095 FGH4096 FGH4097 FGH95 FGH96 FGH97 MGH2756 MGH2757 MGH4754 MGH4755 MGH4758 MGH2756 MGH2757 MGH754 MGH5K JG1101 JG1102 JG1201 JG1202 JG1203 JG1204 JG1301 JG1302 JG4006 JG4006A JG4246 JG4246A TAC-2 TAC-2M TAC-3A TAC-3B TAC-3C TAC-3D TAC-1 TAC-1B IC6 IC6A MX246 MX246A) 
美國高溫合金:
405 406 409 430 434 439 18SR 18Cr-2Mo 446 E-Brite26-1 26-1Ti 29Cr-4Mo 403 410 416 422 H-46 MolyAscoloy GreekAscoloy JetheteM-152 Almar363 431 Custom450 Custom455 15-5PH 17-4PH PH13-8Mo AM-350 S40500 S40900 S43000 S43400 S43927 S44600 S44627 S40300 S41000 S41600 S42200 S43100 S15500 S17400 S13800 S35000 AM-355 17-7PH PH15-7Mo 304 304L 304N 309 310 316 316L 316N 317 321 347 19-9DL 17-14-CuMo 202 216 21-6-9 Nitronic32 Nitronic33 Nitronic60 Carpenter18-18Plus S35500 S17700 S15700 S30400 S30403 S30451 S30900 S31000 S31600 S31603 S31651 S31700 S32100 S34700 K63198 K63199 S20200 S21600 S21900 16-25-6 17-14CuMo 19-9DL Carpenter20Cb-3 Incoloy800 Incoloy801 Incoloy802 N-155 RA330 Haynes25(L-605) Haynes188 S-816 Stellite6B UMCo-50 HastelloyB HastelloyB-2 HastelloyC HastelloyC-4 HastelloyC-276 HastelloyN HastelloyS HastelloyW HastelloyX Incone1600 Incone1601 Incone1604 Incone1617 Incone1625 NA-224 Nimonie75 RA-333 A-286 Discaloy Haynes556 Incoloy903 PyrometCTX-1 K63198 N08020 N0800 N08801 R30155 N08330 R30605 R30188 R30816 N10001 N10065 N10002 N06455 N10276 N10003 N10004 N06002 N06600 N06601 N06625 N06333 K66286 K66220 V-57 W-545 AR-213 MP-35N MP-159 Astroloy D-979 IN100 IN102 Incoloy901 Incoloy1706 Incoloy1718 Incoloy1751 IncoloyIX750 M252 Nimonic80A Nimonic90 Nimonic95 Nimonic100 Nimonic105 Nimonic115 Nimonic263 Pyromet860 Refractory26 Rene4L Rene95 Rene100 Udimet500 Udimet520 Udimet630 Udimet700 Udimet710 UnitempAF2-1DA Waspaloy K66545 R30035 N09979 K66979 N13100 N06102 N09901 N09706 N07718 N07750 N07252 N07080 N07090 N07041 N07500 N07001 HA HC HD HE HF HH HI HK HLHN HP HP-50WZ HT HU HW HX J92605 J93005 J93403 J92603 J93503 J94003 J94224 J94604 J94213 J94605 A217 A297 A608 A567 A351 B-1900 HastelloyX IN-100 IN-738X IN-792 Inconel713C Inconel713LC Inconel718 InconelX-750 M-252 MAR-M200 MAR-M246 MAR-M247 NX188(DS) Rene77 Rene80 Rene100 TRWNASIA Udimet500 Udimet700 Udimet710 Waspaloy WAZ-20(DS) AiResist13 AiResist213 AiResist215 Haynes21 Haynes25,L-605 Haynes151 J-1650 MAR-M302 MAR-M322 MAR-M509 MAR-M918 NASACo-W-Re S-816 V-36 WI-52 X-40
英國高溫合金:
N75 N80A N90 N105 N115 N118 N901 N263 NimonicPE11 NimonicPE16 NimonicPK33 EPK57 PE13 C130 C242 C1023 NimocastPE10 NimocastPD16 NimocastPD18 NimocastPK24 Stellite31 MM002 Haynes25
法國高溫合金:
ATVSMo ATVS2 ATVS7 ATVS7Mo ATGC1 ATGE ATGE2 ATGF ATGM2 ATGR ATGS3 ATGS4 ATGS8 ATGS9 ATGW0 ATGW1 ATGW2 ATGW3 ATGW4 ATGX ATGXX ATG33 ARC1628 ARC6015 NCRALZ NCRALC NCRALK25 KCN22W NW12KCATHf NC15K10DAT KC25NW 28NCD Z6NCT25 Z3NCT25-Z4CDT26 Z10NKC30 Z6NKCDT.38 NC19FeNb NC22FeD NC22FeD NC22FeDNb NC15TNbA KC20WN NK15CAT NC20T NC20TA NC20KTA NK27CADT NC13AD NCK20D NC20K14 NC20KDTA NK18CDAT NCK18TDA Z12CNKDW20 Z42CKNDW20 Z6NCKDW45 ND27FeV NC17DWY NC15Fe 25NC3520 NC21FeDU KCN22W NW12KCATHf NC15K10DAT KC25NW Z8NCD
德國高溫合金:
NiMo16Cr NiCr22Mo NiCr21Fe18Mo NiCr20Mo15 NiMo16Cr16Ti S-NiMo16Cr16Ti S-NiMo15Cr15 S-NiCr21Fe18Mo S-NiMo27 S-NiMo29 NiMo28 NiCr22Mo6Cu NiCr22Mo7Cu S-NiCr16FeMn NiCr20Ti NiCr20TiAl NiCr20Co18Ti NiCo20Cr15MoAlTi NiCo15Cr15MoAlTi S-NiCr20 NiCr15Fe NiCr21Mo5Cu NiCo20Cr20MoTi S-NiCr20Mo9 S-NiCr28Mo S-NiCr27Mo S-NiCr29Mo S-NiCr19Mo15 NiCr30 NiCr20CuMo NiCr23Co12Mo NiCr23Co12Mo NiCr19NbMo NiCr15Fe7TiAl GNiCr50Nb NiCr16TiAl S-NiMo28 S-NiCr15FeTi S-NiCr15FeNb S-NiCr20Nb S-NiCr15FeMn S-NiCr20 NiMo30 NiCr20Mo15 G-NiCr50Nb NiCr15Fe NiMo16Cr15W S-NiCr20Mo15 G-X40NiCrSiNb3818 X15NiCrNb3221 NiCr23Fe G-X40NiCrSiNb3525 X40NiCrNb3525 G-X30CrNiSiNb2424 NiCr22Mo9Nb GX40NiCrSi3525 NiCr21Mo G-X10NiCrNb3220 NiCr3020 X10NiCr3220 X12NiCr3618 X12NiCrSi3616 G-X40NiCrSi3818 NiCr6015,NiFe20Cr15 G-X50CrNi3030 NiCr8020,NiCr20 NiCr10 X10NiCrAlTi3220 G-NiCr28W S-NiCr28W G-NiMo30 G-NiMo16Cr S-NiMo16Cr16W S-NiMo15Cr15W NiCr20Ti NiCr20TiAl NiFe25Cr20NbTi X7CrNiCo212020 G-X15CrNiCo212020 X40CrNiCoNb1313 CoCr20W15Ni CoCr20W15Ni GX7CrNiNb1613 NiCr20Co18Ti X12CrCoNi2120 NiCr19CoMo NiFeCr12Mo NiCr20Mo X40CoCrNi2020 X50CoCrNi2020 CoCr28MoNi X5NiCrTi2615 X8CrNiMoNb1616 NiCr20CbMo NiCr18Co CoCr20Ni20W 2.4602 2.4603 2.4605 2.4606 2.4607 2.4610 2.4611 2.4612 2.4613 2.4615 2.4616 2.4617 2.4618 2.4619 2.4620 2.4630 2.4631 2.4632 2.4634 2.4636 2.4639 2.4640 2.4641 2.4650 2.4651 2.4653 2.4654 2.4655 2.4656 2.4657 2.4658 2.4660 2.4662 2.4663 2.4665 2.4666 2.4668 2.4669 2.4670 2.4676 2.4680 2.4685 2.4686 2.4890 2.4802 2.4803 2.4805 2.4806 2.4807 2.4508 2.4810 2.4811 2.4813 2.4816 2.4819 2.4839 2.4849 2.4850 2.4851 2.4852 2.4853 2.4855 2.4856 2.4857 2.4858 2.4859 2.4860 2.4861 2.4863 2.4864 2.4865 2.4867 1.4868 2.4869 2.4870 1.4876 2.4879 2.4882 2.4883 2.4886 2.4887 2.4951 2.4952 1.4954 2.4955 1.4956 1.4957 1.4960 2.4964 2.4967 1.4968 2.4969 1.4971 2.4973 1.4974 2.4975 2.4976 1.4977 1.4978 1.4979 1.4980 1.4981 2.4982 2.4983 2.4989
日本高溫合金:
NCF600 NCF601 NCF750 NCF751 NCF800 NCF800H NCF825 NCF80A NCF1B NCF3 NCF2B

變形
變形高溫合金是指可以進行熱、冷變形加工，工作溫度范圍-253～1320℃，具有良好的力學性能和綜合的強、韌性指標，具有較高的抗氧化、抗腐蝕性能的一類合金。按其熱處理工藝可分為固溶強化型合金和時效強化型合金。
  1、固溶強化型合金
  使用溫度范圍為900～1300℃，抗氧化溫度達1320℃。例如GH128合金，室溫拉伸強度為850MPa、屈服強度為350MPa；1000℃拉伸強度為140MPa、延伸率為85%,1000℃、30MPa應力的持久壽命為200小時、延伸率40%。固溶合金一般用于制作航空、航天發動機燃燒室、機匣等部件。
  2、時效強化型合金
  使用溫度為-253～950℃，一般用于制作航空、航天發動機的渦 與葉片等結構件。制作渦 的合金工作溫度為-253～700℃,要求具有良好的高低溫強度和抗疲勞性能。例如：GH4169合金，在650℃的屈服強度達1000MPa；制作葉片的合金溫度可達950℃，例如：GH220合金，950℃的拉伸強度為490MPa，940℃、200MPa的持久壽命大于40小時。
  變形高溫合金主要為航天、航空、核能、石油民用工業提供結構鍛件、餅材、環件、棒材、板材、管材、帶材和絲材。
鑄造
鑄造高溫合金是指可以或只能用鑄造方法成型零件的一類高溫合金。其主要特點是：
  1.具有更寬的成分范圍由于可不必兼顧其變形加工性能，合金的設計可以集中考慮優化其使用性能。如對于鎳基高溫合金，可通過調整成分使γ’含量達60%或更高，從而在高達合金熔點85%的溫度下，合金仍能保持優良性能。
  2.具有更廣闊的應用領域由于鑄造方法具有的特殊優點，可根據零件的使用需要，設計、制造出近終形或無余量的具有任意復雜結構和形狀的高溫合金鑄件。